Medical Ultrasound Imaging
Sunday, 19 May 2024
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SONOLINE Sienna™
www.medical.siemens.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?storeId=10001&langId=-1&catalogId=-1&catTree=100001%2C12805%2C12761&level=0&productId=17280 From Siemens Medical Systems;
'This extremely flexible system supports targeted applications for OB/GYN, Radiology, Internal Medicine, Urology, and Prostate Brachytherapy. The large transducer selection, most with high-frequency capabilities, provides the right tool for general imaging, radiology, and internal medicine applications.'
Device Information and Specification
CONFIGURATION
Mobile, compact
SCAN MODES
DISPLAY MODES
Color flow, Power Doppler imaging, Transparent Energy Mode Imaging
Broadband, high-fidelity, multi-frequency, linear and curved
2.5 to 12.0 MHz
PROBE PORTS
Two - four
MEASUREMENT/CALCULATION FUNCTIONS
OB/GYN measurements and report package, off-line analysis
OPTIONAL PACKAGE
IMAGE PROCESSING
Zero Loss Flow Processing, 63-frame CINE Review with up to 63 B-mode frames and 31 color frames
IMAGE STORAGE/TRANSMISSION
Storage of patient report for archiving, reviewing, and editing, optional digital archive manager or digital network manager
EUB-2000 B/W (Dop)
www.hitachimed.com/products/ultrasound/eub_2000.asp From Hitachi Medical Systems America Inc.;
The EUB-2000 B/W is a compact system capable of B-mode, M-mode, and optional with grayscale Doppler (EUB-2000 B/W Dop). This unit features intuitive operation, high mobility, and exceptional image quality. When color Doppler is not required, this system is an excellent choice for general purpose scanning.

Device Information and Specification
APPLICATIONS
General purpose, OB/GYN, EUS, brachytherapy
CONFIGURATION
Compact system
RANGE OF PROBE TYPE
Linear, convex, radial, bi-plane, echoendoscope longitudinal
PROBE PORTS
Two
B-mode, M-mode, simultaneous B/M-mode
IMAGING OPTIONS
Simultaneous imaging with biplane probes
ADDITIONAL FEATURES
Cine / multi memory, application specific measuring, etc.
OPTIONAL PACKAGE
PW/CW Doppler and auto-trace measurement (EUB-2000 B/W Dop), triple probe connector, digital image transfer, ECG/PCG module
History of Ultrasound
The earliest introduction of vascular ultrasound contrast agents (USCA) was by Gramiak and Shah in 1968, when they injected agitated saline into the ascending aorta and cardiac chambers during echocardiographic to opacify the left heart chamber. Strong echoes were produced within the heart, due to the acoustic mismatch between free air microbubbles in the saline and the surrounding blood.
In 1880 the Curie brothers discovered the piezoelectric effect in quartz. Converse piezoelectricity was mathematically deduced from fundamental thermodynamic principles by Lippmann in 1881.
In 1917, Paul Langevin (France) and his coworkers developed an underwater sonar system (called hydrophone) that uses the piezoelectric effect to detect submarines through echo location.
In 1935, the first RADAR system was produced by the British physicist Robert Watson-Wat. Also about 1935, developments began with the objective to use ultrasonic power therapeutically, utilizing its heating and disruptive effects on living tissues. In 1936, Siemens markets the first ultrasonic therapeutic machine, the Sonostat.
Shortly after the World War II, researchers began to explore medical diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound. Karl Theo Dussik (Austria) attempted to locate the cerebral ventricles by measuring the transmission of ultrasound beam through the skull. Other researchers try to use ultrasound to detect gallstones, breast masses, and tumors. These first investigations were performed with A-mode.
Shortly after the World War II, researchers in Europe, the United States and Japan began to explore medical diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound. Karl Theo Dussik (Austria) attempted to locate the cerebral ventricles by measuring the transmission of ultrasound beam through the skull. Other researchers, e.g. George Ludwig (United States) tried to use ultrasound to detect gallstones, breast masses, and tumors. This first experimentally investigations were performed with A-mode. Ultrasound pioneers contributed innovations and important discoveries, for example the velocity of sound transmission in animal soft tissues with a mean value of 1540 m/sec (still in use today), and determined values of the optimal scanning frequency of the ultrasound transducer.
In the early 50`s the first B-mode images were obtained. Images were static, without gray-scale information in simple black and white and compound technique. Carl Hellmuth Hertz and Inge Edler (Sweden) made in 1953 the first scan of heart activity. Ian Donald and Colleagues (Scotland) were specialized on obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound research. By continuous development it was possible to study pregnancy and diagnose possible complications.
After about 1960 two-dimensional compound procedures were developed. The applications in obstetric and gynecologic ultrasound boomed worldwide from the mid 60's with both, A-scan and B-scan equipment. In the late 60's B-mode ultrasonography replaced A-mode in wide parts.
In the 70's gray scale imaging became available and with progress of computer technique ultrasonic imaging gets better and faster.
After continuous work, in the 80's fast realtime B-mode gray-scale imaging was developed. Electronic focusing and duplex flow measurements became popular. A wider range of applications were possible.
In the 90's, high resolution scanners with digital beamforming, high transducer frequencies, multi-channel focus and broad-band transducer technology became state of the art. Optimized tissue contrast and improved diagnostic accuracy lead to an important role in breast imaging and cancer detection. Color Doppler and Duplex became available and sensitivity for low flow was continuously improved.
Actually, machines with advanced ultrasound system performance are equipped with realtime compound imaging, tissue harmonic imaging, contrast harmonic imaging, vascular assessment, matrix array transducers, pulse inversion imaging, 3D and 4D ultrasound with panoramic view.

CTS-385 Plus
www.siui.com/english/product/385p.htm From SIUI Inc.;
'The CTS-385 Plus is designed for the diagnosis of liver, gallbladder, kidney, pancreas, thyroid, breast, uterus, bladder, ovary, etc. The system is a portable linear and convex unit for general application.'
Features:
'High quality image
Cineloop − 32-frame non-volatile storage capacity
Probe frequency conversation option
Computer image communication
Various measuring function
Foldaway keyboard for easy operation
Dual probe connector'

Device Information and Specification
APPLICATIONS
See description above
CONFIGURATION
Portable, gray scale(256)
Linear and convex
PROBES STANDARD
1 * 2.5MHz ~ 5.0MHz trifrequency convex probe
2.5MHz to 10.0MHz, linear and convex, broad band, trifrequency
IMAGING OPTIONS
Multi zoom rate and depth shift,
cineloop: 64 frames for B-mode, 256 seconds for M-mode
OPTIONAL PACKAGE
Different probes such as linear, convex, vaginal and rectal probes; Cart; Image communication function and RS-232C interface
DATA PROCESSING
Pre-processing, correlation-processing, interpolation
H*W*D m
0.26 * 0.3 * 0.41
WEIGHT
10 - 13 kg
POWER REQUIREMENT
AC 220V/110V, 50Hz/60Hz
POWER CONSUMPTION
0.1 KVA
Cardiac Ultrasound
Cardiac ultrasound, also known as echocardiography or echocardiogram, is used to provide several different levels and types of heart testing. Cardiac ultrasound utilizes the same ultrasound principles as used for obstetric and gynecologic evaluations of pregnant women, gallbladder ultrasound and other abdominal structures.
The ultrasound is directed out of a hand held probe which can be moved to image the heart from different positions. Additionally, so that heart events can be timed, ECG leads are placed on the chest. The reflected wave is converted into an actual image of the heart and displayed in a real-time mode or M-mode ultrasound format. M-mode recordings permit measurement of cardiac dimensions and detailed analysis of complex motion patterns depending on transducer angulations. Also the time relationships with other physiological variables such as ECG, heart sounds, and pulse tracings, can be recorded simultaneously. A stress echocardiogram provides information about the cardiac performance.
Two-dimensional tomographic images of selected cardiac sections give more information than M-mode about the shape of the heart and also show the spatial relationships of its structures during the cardiac cycle (diastole to systole).

See also M-Mode Echocardiography, and Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography.
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